This was a two day event focused on the current scientific knowledge and technology developments on the use of palm kernel meal and cake in animal production.
Scientists, postgraduate students, end users and experts from social, natural, environmental, animal and veterinary sciences attended the TropiSymposium 2017.
The organizers were: the Research Tropica Forum of the Nigerian Poultry Feeds Research for Development (NIPOFERD) Consortium, domiciled in the School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology (SAAT), Federal University of Technology Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria.Objective of the Symposium
The symposium had the general objective of harnessing research information on recent developments leading to more efficient PKC utilization in the livestock industry.
- Share research information and practical experiences on recent developments on PKC utilization in animal production
- Enhance the capacity of participants on the science and technological innovations involved in the development of new products from PKC and their uses in animal production
- Identify key challenges and bottlenecks that may hinder the scaling‐up of the use of PKC derived products in animal production
- Enhance an enduring network of PKC researchers
Background information
Modern intensive animal production is input driven, with formulated diets accounting for 60 – 70% of the cost of production. However, high costs of conventional feed raw materials and commercially finished rations are major constraints of intensive animal production in Nigeria and many tropical developing countries. The rising demand for maize and other grains for other industrial uses and the attendant high cost of these important feed raw materials have been severally reported. The solution, therefore, has been to explore through research, the use of locally available alternative feed raw materials such as palm kernel meal and cake.
Modern intensive animal production is input driven, with formulated diets accounting for 60 – 70% of the cost of production. However, high costs of conventional feed raw materials and commercially finished rations are major constraints of intensive animal production in Nigeria and many tropical developing countries. The rising demand for maize and other grains for other industrial uses and the attendant high cost of these important feed raw materials have been severally reported. The solution, therefore, has been to explore through research, the use of locally available alternative feed raw materials such as palm kernel meal and cake.
Palm kernel cake (PKC), obtained from palm fruit (Elaeis guinesis), is an agro-industrial by-product derived from the local processing of palm nuts for vegetable oil in Nigeria and many tropical countries. It is readily available and cheap, particularly in Southern Nigeria. There has also been a dramatic increase in global production of PKC with annual growth of 15% amounting to about 8.2 million metric ton in 2012. Industry adapted processing methods include a solvent or hydraulic press which accounts for the variations in its biochemical compositions. It is aflatoxin free, palatable, and has considerable potential as carbohydrate, fiber and protein source.
However, chemical analysis of PKC shows that its nutrient content varies widely, depending upon the oil extraction process, the species of the palm nut and the amount of shell content remaining in the meal. It has therefore been used as a moderate source of protein and energy in different livestock such as dairy cow, pig, rabbit, laying hen and broiler chickens.
Recently, several studies employing enzyme treatment and solid-state fermentation of the PKC have been carried out to enhance the nutrient content of PKC for poultry digestion and inclusion level enhancement. For example, enzymic depolymerization of PKC has been employed to release digestible and absorbable sugars for poultry, while supplementation with specific enzymes has resulted in appreciable break down of mannans in PKC.
Other findings suggest that PKC could replace commercial Manno-oligosaccharides as a prebiotic to improve animal health and immunity. It is, therefore, our belief that research knowledge developed on the better processing of PKC to value added products feed formulation and production could be harnessed under an interactive knowledge exchange environment for transfer to end users in order to scale up the use of PKC in the Nigerian livestock industry and beyond.
Abstracts:
- THE NUTRITIVE VALUE OF PALM KERNEL CAKE DURING GROWING STAGES IN THE NIGERIAN LOCAL CHICKEN
- EGG LAYING PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS TRAITS OF NIGERIAN LOCAL HENS FED VARYING DIETARY LEVELS OF PALM KERNEL CAKE, K.D
- CHALLENGES ASSOCIATED WITH UTILIZATION OF PALM KERNEL CAKE (PKC) IN POULTRY NUTRITION AND FEED ADDITIVE APPLICATIONS FOR THEIR MITIGATION
- PERFORMANCE OF BROILERS FED PALM KERNEL CAKE-BASED DIETS SUPPLEMENTED WITH BIOACTIVE YEAST
- PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF PALM KERNEL CAKE TO PIG FEEDING BY SMALL-SCALE FARMERS IN SOUTHEASTERN NIGERIA
- LEAST COST PRODUCTION OF SAWDUST/PALM KERNEL CAKE BASED DIETS FOR POULTRY ON ZOOTECH FORTIFIER MIX
- GROWTH PERFORMANCE, CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS AND COST-BENEFITS OF BROILERS FED CORN-PALM KERNEL CAKE BASED DIETS SUPPLEMENTED WITH COMMERCIAL ENZYMES
- PERFORMANCE OF GROWER PIGS FED VARYING DIETARY LEVELS OF PALM KERNEL MEALIN THE HUMID TROPICS
- PERFORMANCE OF WEANER PIGS FED VARYING DIETARY LEVELS OF PALM KERNEL MEAL
- PROXIMATE and AMINO ACIDS COMPOSITIONS OF PALM KERNEL CAKE SAMPLES FROM NIGERIA
- METHODS FOR IMPROVING THE NUTRITIVE VALUE OF PALM KERNEL CAKE AND ITS UTILIZATION AS SUBSTRATE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF VALUE ADDED PRODUCTS
- GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTIC EFFECTS OF REPLACING MAIZE WITH PALM KERNEL NUT MEAL (PKNM) IN BROILER DIETS IN SOUTHEASTERN NIGERIA
- QUALITY SCORES OF THE AMINO ACIDS CONTENT OF PALM KERNEL CAKE SAMPLES FROM NIGERIA
- THE PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND FIBER COMPOSITIONS OF PALM KERNEL CAKE IN RELATION TO MONOGASTRIC ANIMAL NUTRITION
- APPROPRIATE EXTENSION AND ADVISORY SERVICES APPROACHES IN DISSEMINATING PALM KERNEL CAKE PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY IN NIGERIA
- ECONOMICS OF PALM KERNEL CAKE PRODUCTION IN SOUTH EAST, NIGERIA
- NUTRITIONAL VALUE AND HEALTH BENEFITS OF BIOACTIVE MOLECULES DERIVED FROM PALM KERNEL CAKE PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PALM KERNEL CAKE AND STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVING ITS NUTRITIVE VALUE FOR POULTRY AND PIGS
- UTILIZATION OF PALM KERNEL CAKE IN FEEDING POULTRY
- PALM KERNEL CAKE AND SOME AGRO BY-PRODUCTS MIXTURE: A POSSIBLE ENERGY SOURCE IN POULTRY DIET
- EFFECT OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION PALM OIL AND PALM KERNEL OIL ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND TESTICULAR DEVELOPMENT IN ALBINO RATS
Resources:
Programme + abstracts TropiSymposium 2017. The Science and Technology of Palm Kernel Cake Utilization in Animal Production. 16 pages
Analysis of a Nipoferd Symposium on Palm Kernel Cake (PKC) Utilization in Animal Production: The Foundation for a PKC Research Network in Nigeria 3 pages
Programme + abstracts TropiSymposium 2017. The Science and Technology of Palm Kernel Cake Utilization in Animal Production. 16 pages
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